Horses with Quarter Horse bloodlines like Quarter Horses and Paints are prone to developing Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy, or PSSM. Horses were identified as being at risk for PSSM using a variety of methods (n = 572; 40.1%). The total non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) should not be not more than 12% of the diet. Exertional Rhabdomyolysis is the result of PSSM in horses that may affect all breeds of horses. Dr Valberg worked with KER and Hallway Feeds (1-859 255-7602) to develop the first of these diets called Re-Leve** . Who Are the Members of My Animal's Veterinary Health Team? Polysaccharide storage myopathy or PSSM is a muscle disease that occurs primarily in horses with Quarter Horse bloodlines such as Quarter Horses, Paint Horses, and Appaloosas. Sore muscles, muscle weakness and cramping are all signs of PSSM. Of these, 62.9% of them were Quarter Horse-related breeds. Myosin-heavy chain myopathy (MYHM) is a muscle disease in Quarter Horses and related breeds that results in two distinct clinical disease presentations, immune-mediated myositis (IMM) and non-exertional rhabdomyolysis. Horses with too little fat often have a cranky attitude toward exercise. Approximately 50% of affected horses with PSSM1 show improvement under dietary management alone. Quarter Horse Bloodlines to Avoid. Polysaccharide storage myopathy is a glycogen storage disorder and is characterized by the abnormal accumulation of the normal form of sugar stored in muscle (glycogen) as well as an abnormal form of sugar (polysaccharide) in muscle tissue. Rest: For chronic cases, prolonged rest after an episode appears to be counterproductive and predisposes PSSM1 horses to further episodes of muscle pain. ** Do not feed additional selenium with this feed, as it is fully supplemented. A recent study did not find a significant association between the commercial genetic test variants P2, P3 (a and b), and P4 and horses with a diagnosis of PSSM2 or MFM based on histopathology (the gold standard for evaluation of muscle disease). However, environmental factors, namely diet and exercise, play important roles in the onset of clinical signs. An autosomal dominant disease caused by mutation in the glycogen synthase 1 (GYS1) gene. Weanlings can be fed 6.5 lbs of Re-Leve and mixed grass/alfalfa hay (8 lbs/day). The exercise should not be laborious for every day; instead, it should continue a regular structured work. Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy (PSSM1) - Veterinary Genetics Laboratory When designing a diet for horses with PSSM1 there are several important considerations. Summary. Am J Vet Res 2006;67(9):1589-1594. Feeding Type-1 PSSM Horses - The Horse 1999 (accepted). Vegetable oils and rice bran with medium and long chain fats can also be added to roughage base or a ration balancer as a fat source. Providing daily turn out with compatible companions can be very beneficial as it enhances energy metabolism in PSSM1 horses. You can manage PSSM in your horse by providing an alternate energy source to sugar. The cause of Type 2 PSSM has yet to be identified. Authors: Molly McCue, DVM,Nichol Schultz, DVM formerly with the University of Minnesota,Stephanie Valberg, DVM, former professor, U of MN College of Veterinary Science. Am J Vet Res 2005;66:1718-1723. Tying up manifests as muscle stiffness, cramping, sweating and resistance to movement. Exertional Myopathies in Horses - Merck Veterinary Manual McKenzie EM, Valberg SJ and Pagan J. 11.5% were Draught breeds. PSSM2 is most commonly found in warmbloods and Arabians. , Some affected horses, however, do not exhibit any clinical signs. Wellness Horses with mild or moderate cases of PSSM, with proper management, can return to normal performance. The percentage of horses that have PSSM is 3%. }). In-Depth Muscle Disorders. Work at a walk and trot can be gradually increased by two minutes each day. An autosomal recessive disease caused by mutation in the GBE1 gene. Comp Cont Educ 1997;19(9)10:1077-1086. .hs-email{max-width: 100% !important; width: 100%; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom;} PSSM1 genetic testing, University of California, Davis, Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, PSSM testing, University of Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory. About 8% of the Quarter Horse-related breeds also have this mutation. If you maintain a balanced diet and regular exercise of your house, in 75% of cases, the disease can be controlled. 52nd Proc American Assoc Equine Pract 2006;373-380. Breeding if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'thevetexpert_com-banner-1','ezslot_10',116,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-thevetexpert_com-banner-1-0'); Polysaccharide storage myopathy is a frustrating and frightening disease to many horse owners. Relieve anxiety and pain. Muscling in on the cause of tying-up. 1995;228-230. Of those that adhere to dietary and exercise management, 90% have few to no episodes of tying-up. If additional calories are needed, a low-NSC and/or high fat feed source should be incorporated. 2018. If only the diet is changed, we found that approximately 50% of horses improve. Perkins G, Valberg SJ, Madigan JE, Carlson GP, and Jones SL. Learn more about the five equine diseases it covers HYPP, PSSM1, MH, GBED and HERDA. Valberg SJ. Yes. Prevalence of polysaccharide storage myopathy in horses with neuromuscular disorders. Park, H.B Marklund, S. Jeon, J.T , Mickelson J.R. Valberg S.J, Sandberg K, and Andersson L. Molecular characterization and mutational screening of the PRKAG3 gene in the horse. This build-up of glycogen interferes with the muscle cells ability to contract and relax, which can lead to muscle stiffness, cramping, and weakness. De La Corte FD, Valberg SJ and Hower-Moritz A. For assistance in formulating a diet appropriate for your horse with PSSM, contact our team of equine nutritionists to receive customized recommendations. Required fields are marked *. PSSM1 is diagnosed through the genetic test for the GYS1 variant. With PSSM1 it is NOT advisable to only resume exercise when serum CK activity is normal. PSSM is a disorder that causes muscle cramping in horses from abnormal glycogen (sugar) storage in the muscles. Daily requirements derived from multiple research studies (% NSC and % fat) and Kentucky Equine Research recommendations. Polysaccharide Storage myopathy. This PSSM is more common in warmbloods. An old theory about tying-up is that it is due to too much lactic acid in the muscle. Inheritance of PSSM1: Each horse has two copies of every gene (genotype), one inherited from the dam and one from the sire. .hs-submit{display: inline-block; color: white;} We know that both are the result of the abnormal accumulation of muscle glycogen which is the storage form of glucose in muscles. Please email requests tocehadmin@ucdavis.edu. Once fit, some PSSM horses thrive with as little as four days of exercise as long as they receive daily turnout. Rest periods that allow horses to relax and stretch their muscles between 2 5 min periods of collection under saddle may be of benefit. portalId: "5002023", Muscle soreness and gait abnormalities in warmbloods. Horses with PSSM1 can exhibit symptoms without exercise. Serum Creatine Kinase Response to Exercise During Dexamethasone-induced Insulin Resistance in Four Quarter Horses with Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy. Genomics 2008 May;91(5):458-66. .hs-submit{display: inline-block; color: white;} Treatment options may include: Dietary management: Feeding a low-glycogen diet can help to reduce the build-up of glycogen in muscle cells. Affects: Approximately 3.5 percent of American Quarter Horses are carriers. How do I prevent another episode of tying-up in my PSSM 1 horse? 1. Michigan State University Description: PSSMis a common form of tying up. Horse Ownership There are two forms of PSSM: Type 1 and Type 2.